FOUNDATION DESIGNS

FOUNDATION DESIGNS

   A.    Preliminary

The foundation of the building is the most important construction in a building. Because the foundation serves as a barrier to all the loads (life and death) that are above it and style of force from the outside. The foundation is part of the structure that serves to continue the burden to the supporting ground layer below it. In any structure, the load occurring either due to the weight of itself or due to the load of the plan shall be channeled into a supporting layer in this case is the ground under the structure.
In the foundation there should be no decrease in the foundation of the foundation or even the uniform foundation over certain limits, namely:

1. General building 2.54 cm
2. Factory building 3.81 cm
3. Warehouse 5.08 cm
4. Engine foundation 0.05 cm

Many factors in the selection of the type of foundation, among others, planned load work, type of soil layer, and non-technical factors such as construction costs, and construction time. The type of foundation chosen should be able to guarantee the position of the structure of all working forces. In addition, the supporting ground must have sufficient carrying capacity to carry the work load so that no collapse occurs. In certain cases if it is not possible to use shallow foundations, deep foundations are used. The foundation in which is often used is pile foundation. According Bowles (1984), pile foundation is widely used in high-rise buildings that get lateral and axial loads. This type of foundation is also widely used in structures built on expanding soil (expansive soil). The carrying capacity of the pile obtained from the skin friction can be applied to withstand the uplift force that occurs. The erosion factor in the river is also a consideration of the use of piles on the bridge.

   B.     Count Analysis

Is known:       Cohesion and Angle of internal ground friction = 15 KN/m²& 25^o

                       Soil type = Sand

                        Fc’ = 40 Mpa = 400 kg/cm²

                        Fy = 240 Mpa = 2400 kg/cm²

Figure 3.1 Pieces of Piles

Foundation Pole: 
1. In use diameter pole ø 40 cm, steel reinforcement 8 ø 16 m 
2. Area of concrete

Ac       = ¼.π.d²

            = ¼. 3,14. 40²                                 

            = 1256 cm²

   3.      The area of steel reinforcement

 A_s        = ¼.π.d². 8

            = ¼. 3,14. 1,6². 8

            = 16,077 cm²

   4.      Material capacity:

a.       Pr        = 0,85. f {0,85. f_c’(A_c-A_s) + A_s.f_y}

= 0,85. 0,7 {0,85.400(1256-16,077)+16,077.2400}

= 273794,3789 kg

= 273,794 ton

b.      f         = 0,7    for spiral stirrups

   5.     Capacity of land support:
        Example of a depth of 5 m (sand)

Qc       = 145 kg/cm²

Ft         = 274 kg/cm

Sf 1     = 3 ;Sf 2 = 5

K         = π.d = 3,14 . 40 = 125,6 cm

Qa       = (A_p. q_c)/SF1 + (k.ft)/SF2

= (1256  . 145) / 3 + (125,6. 274) / 5

            = 67589,54kg = 67,59 ton

Table 3.1 Soil Sondir Data

Depth	qc	Ft	Qa
M	kg/cm2	kg/cm'	Kg
0,00	0	0,00	0
0,20	10	10,00	4437,86
0,40	5	20,00	2595,73
0,60	10	24,00	4789,54
0,80	15	34,00	7134,08
1,00	40	54,00	18103,14
1,20	115	64,00	49754,34
1,40	90	84,00	39790,08
1,60	60	104,00	27732,48
1,80	35	114,00	17517,01
2,00	40	124,00	19861,54
2,20	20	128,00	11588,69
2,40	25	138,00	13933,22
2,60	25	148,00	14184,42
2,80	25	156,00	14385,38
3,00	25	166,00	14636,58
3,20	21	174,00	13162,88
3,40	25	184,00	15088,74
3,60	35	204,00	19777,81
3,80	150	224,00	68426,88
4,00	160	244,00	73115,94
4,20	180	264,00	81991,68
4,40	145	274,00	67589,54
4,60	120	294,00	57625,28
4,80	145	304,00	68343,14
5,00	45	324,00	26978,88
5,20	45	354,00	27732,48
5,40	45	364,00	27983,68
5,60	31	382,00	22574,50
5,80	25	392,00	20313,70
6,00	20	402,00	18471,57
6,20	15	422,00	16880,64
6,40	30	442,00	23663,04
6,60	25	452,00	21820,90
6,80	20	462,00	19978,77
7,00	30	466,00	24265,92
7,20	35	476,00	26610,45

          

Figure 3.2 Cut Pile Foundation and Pile Position

                             

 Figure 3.3 Top View Foundation

   6.     Pile support capacity
  
                    a. Based on the load P = 202.06 tons
                    b. Based on land P = 67.59 tons  
                        So the support capacity of pole permit = 67.59 tons In use P permit = 67 tons
                    c. The result of structural analysis on the ground floor column  P = 2056,1 KN= 205.61 tons
                    d. Permit capacity P permit = 67 tons
                    e. Needs polen = P / Pijin = 205,61 / 67 = 3,069 used 4 pieces of pole 
                    f. Distance pole min 2D
    
   7. Load Control
·      In base column P = 205,61 ton and My = 198,9 KN = 19,89 ton
        Number of pole n = 4
                                               
                                                                                                                         <Pijin = 67 tons (fulfilling)

        With the capacity of the foundation license (P permit) at 4.4 m deep.

Table 3.2 Checking The foundation of each qualified column

Kolom	P kolom (ton)	P ijin (ton)	My (ton.m)	n	P1	P2	Keterangan
K1	139,91	58	16,40	4	40,41	40,41	Memenuhi
K15	153,05	58	18,61	4	43,04	43,04	Memenuhi
K 8	140,93	58	15,98	4	40,61	40,61	Memenuhi
K 387	155,72	58	13,72	4	43,57	43,57	Memenuhi
K 394	155,93	58	13,57	4	43,61	43,61	Memenuhi
K282	156,56	58	11,78	4	43,74	43,74	Memenuhi
K296	205,61	58	13,63	4	53,55	53,55	Memenuhi
K289	156,35	58	11,86	4	43,70	43,70	Memenuhi
K401	150,55	58	19,89	4	42,54	42,54	Memenuhi
K408	150,30	58	10,19	4	42,49	42,49	Memenuhi
K317	148,99	58	19,13	4	42,22	42,22	Memenuhi
K331	200,13	58	10,62	4	52,45	52,45	Memenuhi
K324	150,41	58	9,30	4	42,51	42,51	Memenuhi
K415	147,65	58	11,19	4	41,96	41,96	Memenuhi
K422	165,42	58	11,40	4	45,52	45,52	Memenuhi
K352	126,37	58	11,41	4	37,71	37,71	Memenuhi
K366	202,06	58	13,16	4	52,84	52,84	Memenuhi
K359	175,71	58	11,10	4	47,57	47,57	Memenuhi